An angle of 1 radian results in an arc with an equal length to the radius of thecircle.

The radian is a unit of plane angle, equal to 180/π (or 360/(2π)) degrees, or about 57.2958 degrees, or about 57°17′45″. It is the standard unit of angular measurement in all areas of mathematicsbeyond the elementary level.

The radian is represented by the symbol “rad” or, more rarely, by the superscript c (for “circular measure”). For example, an angle of 1.2 radians would be written as ” 1.2 rad ” or ” 1.2c ” (the second symbol is often mistaken for a degree: ” 1.2° “). However, the radian is mathematically considered a “pure number” that needs no unit symbol, and in mathematical writing the symbol “rad” is almost always omitted. In the absence of any symbol radians are assumed, and when degrees are meant the symbol ° is used.

The radian was formerly an SI supplementary unit, but this category was abolished in 1995 and the radian is now considered an SI derived unit. The SI unit of solid angle measurement is the steradian.

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## Definition

One radian is the angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc that is equal in length to the radius of the circle. More generally, the magnitude in radians of such a subtended angle is equal to the ratio of the arc length to the radius of the circle; that is, θ = s /r, where θ is the subtended angle in radians, s is arc length, and r is radius. Conversely, the length of the enclosed arc is equal to the radius multiplied by the magnitude of the angle in radians; that is, s = .

It follows that the magnitude in radians of one complete revolution (360 degrees) is the length of the entire circumference divided by the radius, or 2πr /r, or 2π. Thus 2π radians is equal to 360 degrees, meaning that one radian is equal to 180/π degrees.

## History

The concept of radian measure, as opposed to the degree of an angle, should probably be credited to Roger Cotes in 1714.[1] He had the radian in everything but name, and he recognized its naturalness as a unit of angular measure.

The term radian first appeared in print on 5 June 1873, in examination questions set by James Thomson (brother of Lord Kelvin) at Queen’s CollegeBelfast. He used the term as early as 1871, while in 1869, Thomas Muir, then of the University of St Andrews, vacillated between radradial and radian. In 1874, Muir adopted radian after a consultation with James Thomson.[2][3][4]

## Conversions

### Conversion between radians and degrees

A chart to convert between degrees and radians

As stated, one radian is equal to 180/π degrees. Thus, to convert from radians to degrees, multiply by 180/π. For example,

${deg} = {rad} \cdot \frac {180^\circ} {\pi}$

For Example:

$1 \mbox{ rad} = 1 \cdot \frac {180^\circ} {\pi} \approx 57.2958^\circ$
$2.5 \mbox{ rad} = 2.5 \cdot \frac {180^\circ} {\pi} \approx 143.2394^\circ$
$\frac {\pi} {3} \mbox{ rad} = \frac {\pi} {3} \cdot \frac {180^\circ} {\pi} = 60^\circ$

Conversely, to convert from degrees to radians, multiply by π/180.

${rad} = {deg} \cdot \frac {\pi} {180^\circ}$

For Example:

$1^\circ = 1 \cdot \frac {\pi} {180^\circ} \approx 0.0175 \mbox{ rad}$

$23^\circ = 23 \cdot \frac {\pi} {180^\circ} \approx 0.4014 \mbox{ rad}$

Radians can be converted to revolutions by dividing the number of radians by 2π.

2π radians are equal to one complete revolution, which is 400g. So, to convert from radians to grads multiply by 200/π, and to convert from grads to radians multiply by π/200. For example,

$1.2 \mbox{ rad} = 1.2 \cdot \frac {200^{\rm g}} {\pi} \approx 76.3944^{\rm g}$
$50^{\rm g} = 50 \cdot \frac {\pi} {200^{\rm g}} \approx 0.7854 \mbox{ rad}$

The table shows the conversion of some common angles.

Units Values
Revolutions   0 1/12

# Test Post: Calendar

Jane Campus Student Blog

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The Alumni Speaker Series continues
A tool and die maker …
CUL 255 Course Description
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Diploma to Degree Information Session – March 24
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Posted: 25 Mar 2010 02:49 AM PDT

All the info on the trade thats for you. Pick one.

Student Jobs and Apprenticeships
Grants.
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UTILITY ARBORIST
TRUCK BODY BUILDER
TRUCK AND TRANSPORT MECHANIC
TRANSPORT TRAILER TECHNICIAN
TOOL AND DIEMAKER
TIRE REPAIRER
…STEA

# Volume of Solids

Volume of SolidsA "tapered cylinder" like this is properly called a "frustum of a cone," and the formulas for it V = Pi(R^2+rR+r^2)h/3Volume of Solids

# MATHEMATICS

MATHEMATICS

MATRICES

129 Matrix Operations
129 Matrix Multiplication
130 Transpose of a Matrix
130 Determinant of a Square Matrix
131 Minors and Cofactors
132 Singularity and Rank of a Matrix
132 Inverse of a Matrix
132 Simultaneous Equations

ENGINEERING ECONOMICS
135 Interest
135 Simple and Compound Interest
136 Nominal vs. Effective Interest Rates
137 Cash Flow and Equivalence
138 Cash Flow Diagrams
140 Depreciation
140 Straight Line Depreciation
140 Sum of the Years Digits
140 Double Declining Balance Method
140 Statutory Depreciation System
141 Evaluating Alternatives
141 Net Present Value
142 Capitalized Cost
143 Equivalent Uniform Annual Cost
144 Rate of Return
144 Benefit-cost Ratio
144 Payback Period
144 Break-even Analysis

MANUFACTURING DATA ANALYSIS

148 Statistics Theory
148 Statistical Distribution Curves
148 Normal Distribution Curve
148 Statistical Analysis
150 Applying Statistics
150 Minimum Number of Tests
150 Comparing Average Performance
152 Examples

Copyright 2008, Machinery’s Handbook 28th Edition

# Special triangles

### Fibonacci triangles

Starting with 5, every other Fibonacci number {0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,…} is the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle with integral sides, or in other words, the largest number in a Pythagorean triple. The length of the longer leg of this triangle is equal to the sum of the three sides of the preceding triangle in this series of triangles, and the shorter leg is equal to the difference between the preceding bypassed Fibonacci number and the shorter leg of the preceding triangle.

The first triangle in this series has sides of length 5, 4, and 3. Skipping 8, the next triangle has sides of length 13, 12 (5 + 4 + 3), and 5 (8 − 3). Skipping 21, the next triangle has sides of length 34, 30 (13 + 12 + 5), and 16 (21 − 5). This series continues indefinitely and approaches a limiting triangle with edge ratios:

$\sqrt{5}:2:1$.

This right triangle is sometimes referred to as a dom, a name suggested by Andrew Clarke to stress that this is the triangle obtained from dissecting a domino along a diagonal. The dom forms the basis of the aperiodic pinwheel tiling proposed by John Conway and Charles Radin.

# Certification in these trades is voluntary too

## L

• Locksmith

## N

• Native Clothing & Crafts Artisan
• Native Residential Construction Worker
• Network Cabling Specialist

## O

• Optics Technician (Lens and Prism Maker)

## P

• Packaging Machine Mechanic
• Painter and Decorator Br 1 Commercial & Residential
• Painter and Decorator Br 2 Industrial P & D
• Parts Technician
• Pattern Maker
• Pool & Hot Tub/Spa Service Technician
• Pool/Hot Tub & Spa  Installer
• Powered Lift Truck Technician
• Powerline Technician
• Precast Concrete Erector
• Precast Concrete Finisher
• Precision Metal Fabricator
• Process Operator-Power
• Process Operator: Refinery, Chemical & Liquid Processes
• Process Operator:  Food Manufacturing
• Pump Systems Installer

## R

• Railway Car Technician
• Recreation Vehicle Technician
• Reinforcing Rodworker Br 3
• Relay and Instrumentation Technician
• Restoration Mason
• Retail Meat Cutter
• Roll Grinder/Turner
• Roofer